DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/MDER.S24291
http://www.dovepress.com/articles.php?article_id=8301.
Comparing the accuracy of ES-BC, EIS-GS, and ES Oxi on body composition, autonomic nervous system activity, and cardiac output to standardized assessments.
Abstract:
http://www.dovepress.com/articles.php?article_id=8301.
Comparing the accuracy of ES-BC, EIS-GS, and ES Oxi on body composition, autonomic nervous system activity, and cardiac output to standardized assessments.
Abstract:
Background and Purpose:
The Electro Sensor Complex (ESC) is software that combines three devices using bioelectric impedance, galvanic skin response, and spectrophotometry: (1) ES-BC to assess body composition, (2) EIS to predict autonomic nervous system activity, and (3) ES Oxi to assess cardiac output. The objective of this study was to compare each to a standardized assessment: ES-BC to dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), EIS to heart rate variability (HRV), and ES Oxi to BioZ Dx.
The Electro Sensor Complex (ESC) is software that combines three devices using bioelectric impedance, galvanic skin response, and spectrophotometry: (1) ES-BC to assess body composition, (2) EIS to predict autonomic nervous system activity, and (3) ES Oxi to assess cardiac output. The objective of this study was to compare each to a standardized assessment: ES-BC to dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), EIS to heart rate variability (HRV), and ES Oxi to BioZ Dx.
Patients and methods:
The study was conducted in 2 waves. Fifty subjects were assessed for body composition and autonomic nervous system activity. Fifty-one subjects were assessed for cardiac output.
The study was conducted in 2 waves. Fifty subjects were assessed for body composition and autonomic nervous system activity. Fifty-one subjects were assessed for cardiac output.
Results:
We found adequate relative and absolute agreement between ES-BC and DEXA for fat mass (r=0.97, p<0.001) with ES-BC overestimating fat mass by 0.2 pounds and for body fat percentage (r=0.92, p<0.001) with overestimation of fat percentage by 0.4%. For autonomic nervous system activity, we found marginal relative agreement between EIS and HRV by using EIS as the predictor in a linear regression equation (adjusted r2=0.56, p=0.03). For cardiac output, adequate relative and absolute agreement was found between ES Oxi and BioZ Dx at baseline (r=0.60, p<0.001), after the first exercise stage (r=0.79, p<0.001), and after the second exercise stage (r=0.86, p<0.001), respectively. Absolute agreement was found at baseline and after both bouts of exercise; ES Oxi overestimated baseline and stage 1 exercise cardiac output by 0.3 and 0.1 l/min, respectively, but exactly estimated stage 2 exercise cardiac output.
We found adequate relative and absolute agreement between ES-BC and DEXA for fat mass (r=0.97, p<0.001) with ES-BC overestimating fat mass by 0.2 pounds and for body fat percentage (r=0.92, p<0.001) with overestimation of fat percentage by 0.4%. For autonomic nervous system activity, we found marginal relative agreement between EIS and HRV by using EIS as the predictor in a linear regression equation (adjusted r2=0.56, p=0.03). For cardiac output, adequate relative and absolute agreement was found between ES Oxi and BioZ Dx at baseline (r=0.60, p<0.001), after the first exercise stage (r=0.79, p<0.001), and after the second exercise stage (r=0.86, p<0.001), respectively. Absolute agreement was found at baseline and after both bouts of exercise; ES Oxi overestimated baseline and stage 1 exercise cardiac output by 0.3 and 0.1 l/min, respectively, but exactly estimated stage 2 exercise cardiac output.
Conclusion:
ES-BC and ES Oxi accurately assessed body composition and cardiac output compared to standardized instruments, whereas EIS showed marginal predictive ability for autonomic nervous system activity. The ESC software managing the 3 devices would be useful to help detect complications related to metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease and to non-invasively and rapidly manage treatment follow-up.
ES-BC and ES Oxi accurately assessed body composition and cardiac output compared to standardized instruments, whereas EIS showed marginal predictive ability for autonomic nervous system activity. The ESC software managing the 3 devices would be useful to help detect complications related to metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease and to non-invasively and rapidly manage treatment follow-up.